ADVANCING PHYSICAL ABILITIES: ANALYSIS OF HEALTH POLICY REFORMS FOR PEOPLE WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITIES IN INDONESIA

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Feryanda Utami
Vasuki Rajaguru
Jieun Jang
Jaeyong Shin

Abstract

Introduction: Indonesia, a country with approximately 30.38 million people facing disabilities, encounters challenges in meeting the diverse needs of this significant demographic. The 2010 Population Census reported a 4.74% increase in disability prevalence over the past decade. The initiation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) in 2014 aimed not only to alleviate financial burdens but also to enhance the overall health and well-being of individuals with disabilities.


Objective: This study delves into the impact of JKN on the physical capabilities of individuals with disabilities, specifically concentrating on Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL).


Methods: Using IFLS data, this research centers on 2,296 disabled individuals from IFLS4 (2008) and 3,463 from IFLS5 (2015). Logistic regression models examine the effect of JKN implementation on physical capabilities, accounting for potential confounding variables. The investigation explores the associations between sociodemographic factors and physical abilities both before and after the policy change.


Results and Discussion: The results demonstrate significant enhancements in physical abilities following the implementation of JKN, especially among younger age groups, individuals with non-traditional marital statuses, females, and those covered by health insurance. Surprisingly, a reversal in the correlation between education levels and physical abilities is observed. The study underscores the pivotal role of insurance coverage in facilitating improved physical abilities among individuals with disabilities.


Conclusion: The implementation of JKN has substantially improved the well-being and physical capabilities of individuals with disabilities in Indonesia. The study underscores the significance of evidence-based policies, accessible healthcare, and equitable health insurance coverage to promote inclusivity and address the diverse needs of this population. Policymakers are urged to prioritize initiatives that enhance the quality of life for Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia and beyond.

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